One EU-wide measure that is eminently sensible is the
attempt to measure the shadow, or black, economy. This is now being done by the
Office for National Statistics (ONS), which
has released “Changes to National
Accounts: Inclusion of Illegal Drugs and Prostitution in the UK National
Accounts”. The problem arises with the methodology, as I’ll show.
Back to the drawing board for the folks in the big building at the back of the picture
Indeed, it cautions “The
article explains the methods and data used to estimate the level of illegal
drugs and prostitution activity in the UK and the effects of including this
activity on GDP and its components, and sets out suggestions for further action
... The article concludes that there are significant limitations in the
availability of data to calculate these estimates, and that this means that
such calculation requires a number of assumptions on which the estimates are,
therefore, partly based”.
These are not the only assumptions, but, in a move that will
not surprise watchers of the Fourth Estate, very little serious analysis has
taken place. “Prostitution and illegal
drugs are contributing around £10bn a year to the British economy, according to
official data. More than half of that - £5.3bn - is attributable to
prostitution, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) said on Thursday, while
illegal drugs are worth £4.4bn” told
the Maily Telegraph, prosaically.
The Guardian
managed to stress
in its sub-heading that the figures being pitched were estimates. Sadly, the Independent
went
with the more basic: sex and drugs were worth “more than house building, official data has revealed”. Sky
News (“first for breaking wind”) also
went with the house building comparison.
However, and in this case there is a significantly sized
however, Table 2.1, “Classifying the sale and consumption of imported illegal
drugs”, shows there to be a potentially serious underestimate in the scale of
this part of the shadow economy. “Product is imported and sold on without
changing it” is assumed.
This, as anyone who has studied the workings of the supply
chain for illegal drugs will readily testify, is plain flat wrong. The two
substances imported in most significant amounts – heroin and cocaine – are indeed
changed, and considerably, between initial importation and final sale. The
range of adulterants used to bulk up the product – especially with heroin – is enormous.
Small wonder, then, that Steve Pudney of the University of
Essex has observed that the ONS’ study “rests on some heroically large
assumptions which would be difficult to test, and it also uses a measure of
demand that is likely to understate systematically the true scale of drug use”.
That the ONS’ move is welcome is not in doubt. That their £4.4 billion annual
figure is well short is equally so.
When we see the real value of the industry, press’ and politicians’ heads will swim.
4 comments:
If our GDP goes up as a result of these new figures, will we end up paying more in EU contributions?
since the changes are requested of all european countries, the relative value of UK GDP won't change much (around 12% of EU GDP).
however, since gross EU contributions are 1% of each member states GDP, any increase in GDP automatically lead to an increase in the amount paid for the NEXT 5-years EU budget negotiations ... just not now.
on a side note, Italy is seen to have pioneered the statistical estimation of the "shadow economy".
and its methodology is actually praised :)
Best regards,
If our GDP goes up, and our EU contributions rise as a consequence (I don't think they would for several reasons), wouldn't the only sensible response be to legalise and tax so that that part of the economy contributes fairly?
Although I suppose it would become a large tax deduction in the city :)
Surely the actual GDP can't be changed - it is what it is. All this does is try to explain how it got there.
and I love the idea of the Italians trying to get to grips with their shadow economy, accountancy is likely to become a very dangerous job there!
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